Thursday, June 4, 2015

jaya jaya rama

This is Rama's keerthana/ eulogy by Annamayya. It has a unique format. Annamayya in the first part of the line describes a sobriquet of Rama, and in the second part of the line uses an adjective followed by "Rama" as if giving a reason to the sobriquet in the first part.
The song in one of the earliest versions  by J.V Raghavulu can be found by clicking here

జయ జయ రామా సమరవిజయ రామా
భయహర నిజభక్త పారీణ రామా
jaya jaya raamaa samaravijaya raamaa
bhayahara nijabhaktapaareeNa raamaa
Word-Word:
జయjaya= Hail (victory); జయjaya= రామాraama
సమరsamara= battle; విజయvijaya=victorious; రామా
భయbhaya= fear;హరhara=destroyer; నిజnija= true; భక్తbhakta= devotee; పారీణpaareeNa=one who has reached ashore; రామా
Meaning:
Hail Victory to Rama; The battle-victorious Rama
Fear-destroyer, the true-devotee rescuer Rama
Discussion:
So Annamayya firstly hails Rama and then says that hail Rama because he is "battle-victorious Rama". He is fear-destroyer as he is the rescuer of "true-devotee". In order to rescue his true-devotees, Rama destroys fear in them :).

జలధిబంధించిన సౌమిత్రిరామా
సెలవిల్లువిరచినసీతారామా
అలసుగ్రీవునేలినాయోధ్యరామా
కలిగి యజ్ఞముగాచేకౌసల్యరామా
jaladhibaMdhiMchina saumitriraamaa
selavilluvirachinaseetaaraamaa
alasugreevunaelinaayOdhyaraamaa
kaligi yaj~namugaachaekausalyaraamaa
Word-Word:
జలధిjaladhi= water body/ocean; బంధించినbandhinchina= tied/controlled; సౌమిత్రిsowmitri=Son of Sowmitri, Lakshmana's; రామా
సెలవిల్లుselavillu(selasu+villu)=(a kind of wood+bow) a bow made of Selasu wood; విరచినvirachina= broke; సీతాSeetha= Sitha; రామా
అలala= well-known/popular; సుగ్రీవునేలినాయోధ్యరామాsugreevunelinayodhyarama (Sugrivuni+aelina+ ayodhya+rama)=(Sugriva/King of Vanaras+ruled/protected+Ayodhya
కలిగిkaligi= troubled; యజ్ఞముyagna= a ritual fire; గాచేgaache= keep watch/protect/guard; కౌసల్యKousalya రామా
Meaning:
ocean controller is Lakshmana's Rama;
the bow, made from Selasu wood,  destroyer is Seetha's Rama
the famous Sugriva's protector is Ayodhya Rama
Troubled-ritual-fire-guardian is Kousalya's Rama
Discussion:
Rama in order to cross the indian ocean, tied down the waves/tides of the ocean. But i am sort of lost to Annamayya's reasoning to attribute it to Lakshmana. One guess is that Lakshmana must have urged or helped Rama in controlling the ocean. any help in this regard will be appreciated.
In order to win over Seetha, in her Swayamvara(groom selection), Rama accidentally breaks the bow that was intended to test the strength of the contenders. So Annamayya says that it is Seetha's Rama that destroyed the bow.
 The story of Sugriva and Vali is complicated. While Sugriva, the younger brother of Vali unknowingly assumes that his brother is killed in a fight with a demon, and so closes the entrance to the cave they are fighting in to prevent the demon from coming back from the cave. However, Vaali kills the demon and is injured. After recovery, he finds out that his brother has taken over his kingdom and suspects him of conspiring him to kill. Vaali kidnaps Sugriva's wife as a revenge and invites Sugriva for a duel. Vaali is a powerful and strong vanara(monkey) who has the boon of acquiring extra half the strength of his opponent. Sugriva on the other hand is weak by strength, inspite of being just.  Sugriva seeks Rama's help during his duel with vaali. Rama himself doesnot duel Vaali directly for fear of losing his strength to Vaali. Rama hides behind a tree/rock and injures Vaali with his arrows, killing him. Though the whole episode of Rama's involvement in this duel seems partial to Sugriva and unjust, Rama was doing his duty as Ayodhya's prince/king-to-be, killing Vaali, a monkey, for his unjust kidnapping of Sugriva's wife and for refusing to hear/think about the real story from his brother's point of view. Also when Vaali questions Rama about his injustice on his deathbed, Rama points that he being a prince was following the rules of a hunter in his kingdom, Ayodhya, in killing the money, Vaali. Hence Annamayya says that it is Rama as Ayodhya's prince that killed Vaali.
Rama, when was a teenager, is invited to protect Vishwamitra's yagna/sacrificial fire which were defiled by demons. Hence Ananmayya says that it is Kousalya's Rama, meaning a mother's son, that protected the sacrificial rituals of the sages.

అరిరావణాంతక ఆదిత్యకులరామా
గురుమౌనులను గానేకోదండరామా
ధర నహల్యపాలిటిదశరథరామా
హరురాణినుతులలోకాభిరామా.
ariraavaNaaMtaka aadityakularaamaa
gurumaunulanu gaanaekOdaMDaraamaa
dhara nahalyapaaliTidaSaratharaamaa
haruraaNinutulalOkaabhiraamaa.
Word-Word:
అరిari= enemy; రావణాంతకravanthaka(ravana+anthaka)= ఆదిత్యaditya= Sun;కులkula= race/dynasty;  రామా
గురుguru= teacher; మౌనులనుmounulanu= sages; గానేkaane= to see/protect; కోదండkodanda= Rama's bow; రామా
దరనహల్యdaraNahalya(DaraNa+ ahilya)=(break down/tear down+ ahilya) పాలిటిpaaliTi= దశరథరామా
హరుharuvu= beautiful; రాణిraaNi= queen; harurani= నుతులnutula= praise; లోకాభిlokabhi=world's రామా.
Meaning:
Enemy Ravana's destroyer is the Solar dynasty's Rama
Teaching sages' protector is Kodanda's Rama
Breaking Ahilya to her  is the dasaratha Rama
beautiful queen's praise-worthy is the World's well-wishing Rama
Discussion:
Rama killed Ravana as the progeny of Solar dynasty known for valor, justice, etc.
Vishwamitra and other sages are protected by Rama who is the holder of Kodanda bow.
Ahilya regains her true human form from stone after Rama's feet come in contact with her. This Rama is Dasaratha's son Rama.
I am guessing that Annamayya is refering to Kaikeyi when he says haruvu rani. The well-wishing Rama is praised by the beautiful queen, Kaikeyi herself.

అతి ప్రతాపముల మాయామృగాంతక రామా
సుతకుశలవప్రియ సుగుణ రామా
వితతమహిమలశ్రీవేంకటాద్రిరామా
మతిలోనబాయనిమనువంశరామా
atiprataapamula maayaamRgaaMtaka raamaa
sutakuSalavapriya suguNa raamaa
vitatamahimalaSreevaeMkaTaadriraamaa
matilOnabaayanimanuvaMSaraamaa
Word-Word:
అతిathi= exceedingly; ప్రతాపములpratapamula= of valor; మాయాmaya= deception/illusionary; మృగాంతకmrugantaka(mruga+antaka)=(animal+destroyer) రామా
సుతsuta= sons; కుశలవKusalava= lava and Kusa; ప్రియpriya= dear; సుగుణsuguNa= one with good characters; రామా
వితతvithata= spread; మహిమలmahimala= of miracles; శ్రీవేంకటాద్రిSri Venkatadri= The Venkata mountain's రామా
మతిలోనmatilona= in mind; బాయనిbaayani=not disappearing;మనుmanu= Manu;వంశvamsa= race; రామా
Meaning:
Of exceeding valor is the deceptive-deer-destroying Rama
to sons Kusa and Lava dear is the best charactered Rama
of wide-spread miracles is Sri Venkata Mountain's Rama
in mind not disappearing is Manu's decendent rama
Discussion:
Rama killed the demon Maricha who disguises himselves as a golden deer, with exceeding valor. Hence Annamayya says that he is the destroyer of illusionary deer.
The best charactered Rama is the dear father of Lava and Kush.
Venkateswara is acknowledged to be an incarnation of Rama, and hence Annamayya says that of miracles is Venkata mountain's Rama.
The unforgettable is Manu race's Rama.

As always, any suggestions and /comments to help in better understanding of this poem are greatly appreciated.

References:
[1]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rama#Jatayu.2C_Hanuman_and_Vibheeshana
[2] http://www.andhrabharati.com/dictionary/
[3]http://legendsinmusicpedia.com/Lyrics/jaya-jaya-rAma.html
[4]http://annamacharya-lyrics.blogspot.com/2006/10/29jaya-jaya-rama.html

Tuesday, June 2, 2015

rama chandrudithadu

In this song, Annamayya describes the perception of Rama to the various people associated to him(Rama). While most of the characters are very popular, the one unfamiliar character that is introduced to me in this song is that of Guha, the Nishada King. As in most of his keerthanas, Annamayya refers to the celestial wish-fulfilling things- kamadhenu(wish-fulfilling cow), kalpatharu(wish-fulfilling tree), chinthamani(soccer's stone), parijathamu (ever-blossoming tree).

Annamayya talks about a one person related to Rama in each line of the stanza and uses the word "paalita" meaning "pertaining to" to present what Rama meant to these people, except for the last line where he presents a generic perception of Rama by his devotees/servants/people in general.
You can find the rendition of this song by clicking here. This song apparently is one of the oldest versions by P. Susheela, which used to be played in temples, especially early in the morning.

రామచంద్రుడితడు రఘువీరుడు
కామిత ఫలములీయ గలిగెనిందరికి

Word-Word:
రామచంద్రుడితడుramachandruDithadu(rama+chandruDu+ithadu)=(Rama+moon+he is) రఘుraghu= Raghu dynasty; వీరుడుveerudu= valiant man;
కామితkamita=wished; ఫలములీయగలిగెనిందరికిphalamuliyyagaligenindariki (phalamulu+iyya+ galigine+ indariki)=fruits+give+can/able+to all these people
Meaning:
RamaChandra is he, the Raghu dynasty's valiant
Wishful fruits giver to all these people;

గౌతము భార్యపాలిటి కామధేనువితడు
ఘాతల కౌశికుపాలి కల్పవృక్షము
సీతాదేవి పాలిటి చింతామణి యితడు
యీతడు దాసుల పాలిటి యిహపర దైవము

Word-word:
గౌతమGautama= Sage Gautama; భార్యbharya= wife; పాలిటిpaaliTa= pertaining to her; కామధేనువితడుkamadhenuvithaDu(kamadhenuvu+ithaDu)=(wish-fulfilling cow+he is)
ఘాతలghatala=damaged/troubled; కౌశికుkoushiku=Vishwamitra;పాలిpali= pertaining to him; కల్పవృక్షముkalpavrukshamu= wish-fulfilling tree;
సీతాదేవిSita Devi= Rama's wife; పాలిటిpaliTa= pertaining to her; చింతామణిchintamani= wish-fulfilling gem; యితడుyithaDu= he is;
యీతడుYithadu= he is; దాసులdasula= servants; పాలిటిpaliTa= pertaining to them; యిహపరihapara(iha+para)=(this and other) usually used for worlds as this and other worlds; దైవముdaivamu= God
Meaning:
To Gautama's wife , as wish-fulfilling cow is he
To troubled Koushika, he is the wish-fulfilling tree
To Sita Devi, as wish-fulfilling gem(soccer's stone) he is
He to his servants, he is this and other world God.
Discussion:
In this stanza, Annamayya describes what Rama is to Ahilya, Vishwamitra, Sita and Rama's servants. Ahilya, a woman turned into stone by her husband sage Gautama, due to a misunderstanding wherein Indra,  disguised as Gautama, copulates with Ahilya. Unaware of Indra's deception, Gautama curses Ahilya thinking that Ahilya committed adultery. However, the curse is supposed to be nullified when a pious man physically contacts the stone. Apparently, when Rama on his way from helping Vishwamitra to Seetha's swayamvara accidentally places his foot on the stone and Ahilya is brought back to life.
Vishwamitra's actual name is Koushika. He gains his sobriquet/epithet of Vishwamitra meaning friend of the universe and giving up the energy of his penance 8 times(not sure the exact number) in helping his friends(Vishwa+mitra= universe+friend). So Vishwamitra and his disciples are disturbed/harrassed from doing their rituals and penance by mischevious demons. Vishwamitra seeks Rama's help in controlling or killing the demons. Rama is believed to have finished education just then from Guru Vashista. Rama kills several demons including Tataki and Subahu.
The last two lines are self explanatory. To Sita, since he is her husband, he is like the Chintamani (soccer's stone). and to Rama's servants, Rama is the only God they know, in this and other world.

పరగసుగ్రీవుపాలి పరమ బంధువితడు
సరిహనుమంతుపాలి సామ్రాజ్యము
నిరతి విభీషణునిపాలి నిధానము
యీతడుగరిమజనకు పాలి ఘనపారిజాతము
Word-Word:
పరగparaga= agreeably; సుగ్రీవుsugriva= Sugriva;పాలిpali= pertaining to; పరమparama= supreme; బంధువితడుbandhuvithaDu(bandhuvu+ithaDu)=relative+He is
సరిsari= good;హనుమంతుhanumanthu= Hanuman; పాలిpali= pertaining to; సామ్రాజ్యముsaamrarajyamu=complete sovereignty
నిరతిnirathi= excessively devoted; విభీషణునిvibheeshanuni= to Vibhisheena; పాలిpali= pertaining to; నిధానముnidhanamu= treasure;
యీతడుyeethaDu= He;గరిమgarima= earth;జనకుjanaku= to the people; పాలిpaali= pertaining to ఘనghana=great; పారిజాతముparijathamu= eternal blossoming tree;
Meaning:
To amiable Sugriva the supreme relative he is
To the good Hanuman he is complete sovereignty
To the excessively devoted Vibheeshana he is treasure
He, to the earth's people, is the eternal blossoming tree
Discussion:
Rama helps Sugriva fight his brother Vaali and win over his kingdom and wife whom Vaali kidnaps as vengence for a misunderstanding that his brother Sugriva wantedly trapped him in a cave during Vaali's duel with a rakshasha to get the throne. Vaali had the boon of getting additional half of the strenghth of his opponent. Hence during his duel with Sugriva, Rama secretly attacks Vaali with arrows, there by helping Sugriva to win. Hence to Sugriva, Rama is above his own brother Vaali.
Hanuman's complete devotion to Rama is very well-known. Vibheeshana and Hanuman are epitomes of ideal devotees. To Vibheeshana, brother of Ravana, Rama is the source of devotion, a great treasure.

తలప శబరిపాలి తత్వపు రహస్యము
అలరిగుహునిపాలి ఆదిమూలము
కలడన్నవారిపాలి కన్నులెదుటి మూరితి
వెలయ శ్రీవేంకటాద్రి విభుడితడు
Word-Word:
తలపtalapa= remembering/wishing; శబరిSabari= Sabari; పాలిPaali= pertaining to; తత్వపుtatvapu=of reality; రహస్యముrahasyamu= secret;
అలరిalari= pleasing;గుహునిGuhuni= Guha, a Nishada King , and a friend of Rama; పాలిpaali= pertaining to; ఆదిaadi= first; మూలముmoolamu= root;
కలడన్నkaladanna= one who says he is present;  వారిvaru= people;పాలిpaali= pertaining to; కన్నులెదుటిkannuleduTa(kannulu+eduTa)=(eyes+before) before eyes; మూరితిmoorithi= idol;
వెలయvelaya= shining; శ్రీవేంకటాద్రిSriVenkatadri= Sri Venkata mountain; విభుడితడుVibhuDitadu (VibhuDu+ithaDu)=(Lord+he is)
Meaning:
To the wishing Sabari, the reality secret
To Guha, he is the first foundation
For those who believe his presence, he is the idol in front of the eyes
The shining Venkata hill's Lord is he
Discussion:
Sabari is Rama's old devotee, who as her story goes, feeds Rama the berries that she herself tests by tasting them if they are sour.Apparently, she was a Nishada  by birth, but sought out the path of spirituality under Guru Matanga. Upon Matanga's instruction, Sabari waits for Rama to come and grant her the highest spiritual abode. So even in her old age, she brings fruits and due to her eye-sight loss, tests the berries by tasting hem with an intention of offering the best quality fruits.
Guha is the King of Nishada, and a friend of Rama, who comes to see Rama off when Rama accepts the 14 years of exile.

Any comments and/or suggestions to help in better understanding of this Keerthana are highly appreciated.

References:
[1]http://www.hithokthi.com/showthread.php/6725-Annamacharya-Keerthana-Lyrics-in-Telugu/page65
[2] http://www.valmikiramayan.net/ayodhya/sarga50/ayodhya_50_prose.htm
[3] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rama
[4] http://www.andhrabharati.com/dictionary/