Friday, October 12, 2012

Dolayam cala dolayam

This keerthana is one of the Sankrit kritis by Annamayya describing the ten Avataras or incarnations of Vishnu along with a few other adjectives used to describe Vishnu. Even though the first line starts with dola(swing) seva tone, he later switches to describing the ten avataras of Vishnu. The structure of each stanza has 2 lines each in a stanza. The first line in each stanza describes the incarnations considered to be part of the ten main incarnations or "Dasavatara", while the second line describes adjectives related to the mentioned avataras or less significant names of the Lord. The first two charanams/stanzas mention 4 avatars each while the last stanza mentions the last two avataras.
Here is the link to MS SUbba LAkshmi's redition of the same keerthana. The tune is catchy and soothing.


Pallavi
డోలాయాo, చల డోలాయాo, హరి  డోలాయాo
ḍōlāyāṃ cala ḍolāyāṃ harē ḍolāyām ||

Word to word meaning:
డోలాయాoDolayam= Swing; చలcala= Goddess Lakshmi; డోలాయాodolayam= Swing; హరిhare= Hari, Vishnu; డోలాయాodolayam

Meaning: " Swing Godess Lakshmi, Swing Lord Hari,...swing...."
Discussion:
Annamayya must have composed this song for Swami vari "Dolotsvam" which is the seva during which Venkateswara swamy, along with his wife(wives?) is swung on a swing. So here Ananmayya starts his first line where he says "Swing Godess Lakshmi, swing Hari". The music and lyrics makes one's heart swing along with the Lord and Lakshmi.

Charanam
మీన కూర్మ వరాహ మృగపతి అవతారా
దానవారె గుణశౌర్యే ధరణిధర మరుజనక
mīna kūrma varāha mṛgapati avatāra |
dānavārē guṇaṣaurē dharaṇīdhara maru janaka||


Word to word meaning:
మీనmīna= Fish; కూర్మkūrma= Turtle; వరాహvarāha= boar; మృగపతిmṛgapati=King of Animals(Lion man); అవతారాavatāra =incarnation|
దానవారెdānavārē( danava+ari)= (Demon+enemy), an Epithet of Vishnu; గుణguṇa= quality, character;శౌర్యేṣaurē= courageous, valor;ధరణిధర dharaṇī+dhara= One who bore the Earth ; మరుmaru(marudu)=Cupid; జనక janaka=father

Meaning:"Fish,Turtle,Boar, Lion-man incarnator, the genorous-giver, the one with courageous-character, the bearer of Earth, the Father of Cupid..."

Discussion: In the first sentence of this stanza, Annamayya begins the avataras of Vishnu, starting with Meenavatara, the Fish-form of incarnation, the Kurma-avatara,(Turtle-form), the varaha(Boar) avatara. There are some interesting analogies related to Lord Vishnu's avataras. Let's understand the stories behind each of the vatara, briefly.
In "Meenavatara", Lord Vishnu appeared as a fish to Manu and warned him about the impending flood that was to drown the earth. He was suggested to build a ship and have all the medicinal herbs, animals, and the seven sages with him. So in Meenavatara, Vishnu was only a messenger and did not kill any demon.
In Kurma avatara, when the gods and demons, wanted a foundation on which they can place the mountain Mandara to churn the ocean. Lord Vishnu assumed the form of a turtle and bore the Mandara mountain on his back. SO in Kurma avatara, Vishnu was more a helper and did not kill any asurs/demons.
In Narsimha avatara,he took the form of Lion-man(half Lion and half man) to kill the demon Hiranyakashyap, since he had the boon of not to be killed by a man or an animal. From this vatar on-wards, Vishnu is supposed to have killed the evil.
If one looks at the progression of the avataras, it is amazing to find that it actually depicts the evolution of living forms.The aquatic animals (fish) were first vetebrates, then came the ambhibians(turtle), and then followed the land animals and mammals (Lion). Just a off-track thought. Some may disagree with the analogy.
The second sentence in the stanza presents the adjectives that describe the various qualities of Vishnu. DanaVari is the enemy of Danava(demons). GunaSOurye means the courageous one, maru janaka is the father of the Marudu(Cupid). Pradhyumna is considered to be an incarnation of Cupid, and Krishna is his father, hence the name "marujanaka".

వామన రామ రామ వరకృష్ణ అవతార
శ్యామలాంగా రంగ రంగ  సామజవరద మురహరణ
vāmana rāma rāma varakṛṣṇa avatāra |
śyāmalāṅgā raṅga raṅga sāmajavarada muraharaṇa ||


Word to word meaning:
వామనvāmana= Dwarf; రామrāma= Rama(Parushurama); రామrāma= King Rama; వరకృష్ణvarakṛṣṇa= the blessed Krishna; అవతార avatāra |
శ్యామలśyāmala= Dark ; అంగాāṅgā=parts; రంగ రంగraṅga raṅga ;సామజsāmaja=elephant; వరదvarada=giver of boons; మురహరణ muraharaṇa= Killer of Demon Mura ||

Meaning:"Vamana, Rama (Parushu Rama), Rama (Ayodhya's King Rama), Vara Krishna incarnator, the dark-skinned one, also called ranga, the giver of boons to the elephant, Killer of the Demon Mura..."
Discussion: After Narsimha avatara, Vishnu took the form of a Dwarf. He then was born as a Brahmin Parushu Rama. Then took the form of the Kshatriya Rama. He also took the form of the Yadava King, Krishna. Please refer to my previous blog "brahma kadigina padamu" for more details about Vamana avatara, Parushu rama.
The second sentence as in the first stanza are basically adjectives to describe Vishnu. He is the dark-skinned one(krishna), also Ranga, the protecter of Elephant(refer to Brahma kadigina padam for the story related to elephant), he is the killer of the Demon Mura, who captivated sixteen thousand maidens.

దారున బుద్ధ కలికి దశ విధ అవతార
సీరపాణె  గోశమనె శ్రీ వేంకటగిరి కూటనిలయ
dāruṇa buddha kaliki daśavidha avatāra |
śīrapāṇē gōsamāṇē śrī vēṅkaṭagiri kūṭanilayā ||


Word to word meaning:
దారునdāruṇa= Earth??unexpectedly, suddenly; బుద్ధbuddha= Buddha; కలికి kaliki  దశ విధdaśavidha(dasa+vidha)= (ten+ways)ten types, అవతార  avatāra= incarnation;
సీరపాణెśīrapāṇē= Epi. of Balarama; One who holds Plough;  గోశమనెgōsamāṇē=(go +samane= cow+appeasing) one who appeases the cows; śrī vēṅkaṭagiri= VenkataHills(tirupati) kūṭa= summit of a mountain; nilayā =one who lives||

Meaning:" The Budha and the Kalki, the one with ten different incarnations, the Holder of Plough(Balrama),the appeaser of the cows, the one whose abode is the summit of Venkatagiri Mountain"

Discussion: Annamayya finishes the ten avatara descriptions of Vishnu with Budha and Kalki. Kalki is supposed to be the final avatar of Vishnu, who would rescue the world during a holocost that is meant to end all evil.  The second line according to the pattern of this piece, are adjectives. According to Bhagavath purana  Balrama is an incarnation too, however, Bhagavath purana describes about 22 incarnations and not the popular ten incarnations. So, Annamayya describes, Seera pani(holder of plough), the one who resides in Venkata giri....Swing , swing with Lakshmi, Swing hari......
I could not find the meaning of Gosamane. Any help would be appreciated. I could have had the word wrong too...  I thank one of the readers who commented and gave me the meaning of "gosamane".
So there is a belief that the Buddha who is considered to be Vishnu Avatar is not Gautama Budha and that He is a different Budha. Will update the post as I research more and find proper descriptions. In the meantime if anybody could enlighten more on the subject, please feel free to comment. :)

32 comments:

  1. Replies
    1. Thank you for your comment. I'm glad you found it helpful.
      Regards

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  2. gosamane - it could mean the maintainer of the cows (go=cows, samane=maintainer, giving pleasure to cows with his flute)

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    1. Thank you for suggesting the right meaning!I did initially think of that but was looking for the wrong "samane" (meaning equal). But got the word now :). Thanks a lot again....

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  3. Hi, can you please enlighten me that once 10 avataras are covered in the song, how does it bring in balrama also? Its very confusing as children pose this question and we have to answer! Dolayam is probably the only place where buddha is mentioned, hence it is an important piece. Pls comment. Thanks.

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    1. That is a valid and a good question, Srinivas. For "Dolayam", I missed the usual literary description I have for most of the keerthanas. If you notice, the charanams have two lines. The first line describes the avataras while the second line describes the adjectives/ descriptions of the Lord. If you notice closely, there are a couple of other names/avataras that appear in the second line of each stanza/charanam. Ex: "samaja varada" is Vishnu himself in an avatar/name but less significant one. So Balarama avatar could be Vishnu avatar himself but a less significant one since Annamayya mentions it with other adjectives and not in the main avatara list!
      The second reasonable explanation, (which I am not completely sure of as I do not have a reference) could be that Annamayya has described "Sheerapane"(the holder of plough). We could have mis-construed the holder of plough to be "Balaram" ONLY as time passed. It is a known fact that Krishna and Balram were equally competent in most of the talents they had.

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    2. I agree with your observation but would like to know about the status of Buddha. From olden days, when we grew up on amar chitra katha, we have been told abt buddha. But when i did go to buy a dashavatara set in bangalore, they showed me 2 kinds, one with balarama and one with buddha! Though buddha rejected the vedas, and promoted self-enquiry and the middle path, he also has the true mantle of an avatar. He is also closer to human beings and it is most likely the next avatar being kalki, who has been depicted as a king symbol can be anyone from the new age, may not be visually matched.
      Balrama may be equal to Krishna in everything, but no 2 avatars came from the same period. Someone also told me, that since Ram had Lakshmana for his younger brother in one avatar, so he chose to become a younger brother in the next avatar as Krishna to Balrama. That's what i have been able to justify to myself! Please cut and paste the link here, clearly modern tale-tellers have taken buddha.

      https://www.google.co.in/search?q=dashavatara&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ei=Q22UUrDtMsSoiAf0xoGIDA&ved=0CAcQ_AUoAQ&biw=1280&bih=655#facrc=_&imgdii=_&imgrc=YNepnEsknLMf3M%3A%3ByGX-crorifEEzM%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fupload.wikimedia.org%252Fwikipedia%252Fen%252F8%252F8c%252FDashavatar_Animated.jpg%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fen.wikipedia.org%252Fwiki%252FDashavatar_(film)%3B1024%3B768


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    3. Hello Srinivas, I am not an expert in this area but am presenting blindly what Annamayya has said in his Keerthana. I hope that this is clear to you from the Keerthana, Balrama is NOT one of the "Dasavatars",at least according to Annamayya. Here are the Dasavataras according to Annamayya "1) Meena, 2) Koorma, 3)Varaha, 4) Mrugapathi (Narsimha), 5) Vamana, 6)Rama(Parushurama) 7)Rama(Ayodhya Rama) 8)Krishna 9)Buddha and 10)Kalki."
      I am sort of lost as to what your initial query was! Let me rephrase your initial question: why was Annamayya referring to Balrama in the keerthana if he is not a Dasavatara (correct me if I am wrong)?
      I guess the answer lies in Bhagavad Purana, that apparently has listed 40 avatars of Vishnu, and lists Mohini,Balrama and Buddha among them. Your comment has definitely lead to a few more intriguing questions about Balrama in particular that I have to research more….:).

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  4. Also request you to check the wiki link here as it links era with avatars, thanks!

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dashavatar_(film)

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  5. Very good one :)

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  6. I believe Danavare is really Daanava + ari meaning the enemy of demons (danavas). Ari takes the form Arey when used as sambodhan (like Hare). I could be wrong - but just a thought!

    Thanks for the translation! I love this blog.

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    1. Hello Vengamamba,
      Thank you for taking time to comment. You are correct about Danavare! I updated the meaning accordingly. I really appreciate your comment and explanation.
      I am also happy that you love this blog.
      Best wishes,

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    2. You are welcome.

      This is something I have always wanted to do (word for word break up followed by a discussion of the essence/spirit of the song) but never got around to doing. The other day I was looking for the lyrics/meaning of two songs (this and okaparikokapari) and stumbled upon your blog.

      One more thing I wanted to mention here is the meaning for the word 'Maru'. It is another word for Manmadha(cupid). It takes the forms maru badha (passion), marulu (love) goni etc. Lord Vishnu is considered to be the father of Manmadha and hence the word Maru-janaka (father of manmadha).

      Cheers

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    3. Hello Vengamamba,
      You are again correct! I updated the meaning and discussion accordingly. I am really happy to have got the correct meanings. Thanks again :)
      Best,

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  7. I always believed dolayam is representative of the swing of the universe between activity and inactivity. The unconditioned/absolute is celebrated as celebrating the creation/activity. I did not find this view here and want to add it to the discussion.

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    1. Hello Ravi Kiran,
      Thank you for your comment.
      Every keerthana has a purpose or motif behind its creation, and in this keerthana, apparently Annamayya describes the avataras of Vishnu in the backdrop of a situation where he is witnessing the dola seva of Venkateswara and Lakshmi. He has explained in depth the transcendental meaning of the swing, which you are referring to, in another keerthana "alara chanchala maina....".
      It is always difficult to explain the inner/sublime meaning of each word, and there are always different perceptions. I believe in leaving the understanding of sublimity to the discretion of the readers.

      I am glad that you shared your views here, that might help another reader to understand the poem better :).

      Best,

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  8. Very good work, really appreciate it. It helps a lot to teach my kid. Helps a lot for all who knows does not know Telugu

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    1. Thank you. I am glad that this blog was helpful.

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  9. Thank you, for taking time to comment.I am glad that you find this blog helpful. I welcome you to share your ideas, and understanding of Annamayya's work.

    Best regards,

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  10. Great blog.keep going. Just wanted to share that I know , Bhuddha has meaning. its not a noun. Buddha meaning is enlightened. In the entire avathar, Krishna is famously known for his enlightened thoughts. All other are like heroes but Krishna is more than that, the enlightened. So here Buddha should be description(adjective) of Krishna.

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    1. Hello,
      Thank you for your comment. I guess you meant "Buddha" is not a "proper noun". and Buddha means =one who is enlightened. I see your point of view. But I do not agree to it being Annamayya's too for more than one reason. The first and the strongest point is that:
      If Annamayya was referring to an adjective/ description of Krishna, that would mean that he has not completed his listing of ten-incarnations of Vishnu which he emphasizes to be talking about in his poem soon after "kalki" where in he says "dasavidha avatara".

      Thanks for sharing your thoughts here because it helps others to analyze the poem better too.

      Best,

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  11. Very nicely written. Must say it's informative

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    1. Hello Rajitha,
      Thank you for taking time to comment. I'm glad that you liked this post and found this informative.

      Best,

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  12. Great work done! The meaning is wonderful! Please do continue your work like this.

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    1. Hello Sriram,
      Thanks for taking time to comment. I'm glad you found this blog helpful.
      Best,

      Delete
  13. Devika Gopalakrishnan VarmaDecember 29, 2016 at 8:39 AM

    Wonderful blog! Loved your work. The meanings are really accurate. Was searching the meanings of Dolayam so that I could teach my son that. Thanks a lot for your service.

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    Replies
    1. Hello Devika,
      Thanks a lot for your comment.I'm glad that you found this blog helpful.

      Best,

      Delete
  14. Thank you very much for your meticulous and devotional translations! Most obliged!

    I've always wondered about the words 'Daruna buddha' At first, I wondered if I'm mishearing "karuna buddha", meaning Compassion Incarnate, as Buddha is.
    However invariably all sources cite 'Daruna' only, but I've never found a satisfactory translation. I'm just a lay person with no linguistic/scholarly authority, but for my own meditation, I think of Daruna as meaning "Deity" or archa-avatara (as in the Lord descending in the form of archa-vigraha). I thought of this because in Jagannatha-Puri, Orissa, the Lord is called "Daru-brahman", or the Absolute Truth who has appeared within Wood(Daru?).

    As mentioned in previous discussions, although 10 AVATARAS are given prominence, the Lord has innumerable avataras. Bhagavatas purana mentions that His avataras are as uncountable as waves in a river -- and one such recognized avatara is the archa-avatara, I.e. the Deity who has kindly appeared before us common folks so we can also participate in His nitya-lilas such as dolotsava etc. So I find this meditation very fitting for the purport of this song, and thought to share. Please correct if I'm mistaken.
    Thanking you once again for this invaluable service!

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    1. Hello,
      Thanks a lot for your comment. I appreciate when people share their thoughts here, as it give a fresh perspective not just for me but also to other readers. For me, I am amazed at the kind of references I get to learn through comments like yours and my lack of keeping up with them. To be honest, I am ignorant about Bhagavata purana, and would only be able to comment after I learn about it.
      Nevertheless, comments like this ensure that other readers are also aware of these references. Thanks a lot for sharing your thoughts.
      Best,

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  15. After reading, I can enjoy the song knowing meaning. Thank you a lot!

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  16. Thanks...for a non Telugu person who loves annamaya kritis ,you lighted the lamp to understand...

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